Model Rules of Professional Conduct 〈美〉《模范律师职业行为规则》 美国律师协会〔American Bar Association〕于1983年制定的一部规则，1987年又作了一些技术上的修正。它广泛地规定了律师在与法院、对方律师、己方当事人及其他人的交往中可以以及不可以从事哪些行为的规则，从而取代了美国律师协会原制定的、且已被多数州采用的《律师职业责任法典》〔Code of Professional Responsibility〕。
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Model Rules of Professional Conduct. A set of ethical guidelines for lawyers, organized in the form of 52 rules — some mandatory, some discretionary — together with explanatory comments. • Published by the ABA in 1983, these rules have generally replaced the Model Code of Professional Responsibility and have been adopted as law by many
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Model Code of Professional Responsibility. A set of ethical guidelines for lawyers, organized in the form of canons, disciplinary rules, and ethical considerations. • Published by the ABA in 1969, this code has been replaced in most states by the Model Rules of Professional Conduct. [Cases: Attorney and Client 32(2). C.J.S. Attorney and Client §
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rules of professional conduct 律师职业行为规则(→Model Rules of Professional Conduct)
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Code of Professional Responsibility 〈美〉《律师职业责任法典》 美国律师协会〔ABA〕制定的《模范律师职业责任法典》〔Model Code of Professional Responsibility〕包含了若干基本的律师职业行为和职业道德准则及惩戒规则。多数州也已依此模范法典制订了类似的法典。1983年美国律师协会又制定了《模范律师职业行为规则》〔Model Rules of Professional Conduct〕，取代了该模范法典。
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multidisciplinary practice. A fee-sharing association of lawyers and nonlawyers in a firm that delivers both legal and nonlegal services. • Rule 5.4 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct effectively bars multidisciplinary practice. Under this rule, a lawyer cannot (1) share legal fees with nonlawyers, (2) form a partnership involving the practice of law with
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legal ethics. 1. The minimum standards of appropriate conduct within the legal profession, involving the duties that its members owe one another, their clients, and the courts. — Also termed etiquette of the profession. 2. The study or observance of those duties. 3. The written regulations governing those duties. See MODEL RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT.
commingling (k[schwa]-ming-gling), n. A mixing together; esp., a fiduciary’s mixing of personal funds with those of a beneficiary or client. • Commingling is usu. considered a breach of the fiduciary relationship. Under the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, a lawyer is prohibited from commingling personal funds with those of a client. — Also spelled comingling.
contingent fee contract (律师)成功酬金合同；胜诉分成合同 律师与当事人之间达成的协议，协议规定：如案件败诉，律师不得收取费用；如案件胜诉，律师在所得赔偿金中按一定比例收取费用。这种合同在英格兰是非法的。在美国，在某种情况下，例如在刑事案件和离婚案件中订立这种合同也是非法的，因为其违反公序良俗(参见全美律师协会《模范律师职业行为规则》〔ABA, Model Rules of Professional Conduct〕)。在人身伤害案件中，律师大多采用这种方式收取律师费，如案件在诉讼前和解解决的，按1/3提成收费；如案件经过艰难的诉讼而解决，则分成比例高达40%。由于律师与当事人之间潜在的利益差异，因此，当通过诉讼无法寻求可能的其他赔偿金时，律师便会力劝其当事人接受保险人的保险赔偿，即使其数额极低。由于律师费是按赔偿金总额分成的，因此，在当事人支付全部诉讼费用后，律师费可能还会高于当事人赔偿所得，这是这种合同的最大弊端。
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